News tagged with surface
Soviet find of water on the Moon in the 1970s ignored by the West
(Phys.org) -- In August 1976 Luna 24 landed on the moon and returned to Earth with samples of rocks, which were found to contain water, but this finding was ignored by scientists in the West.
Space & Earth / Space Exploration
Jun 01, 2012 |
4.6 / 5 (39) |
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New technique lights up the creation of holograms
Researchers at the RIKEN Advanced Science Institute (Japan) have developed a unique way to create full-color holograms with the aid of surface plasmons.
Mar 19, 2012 |
4.7 / 5 (37) |
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Kepler finds first earth-size planets beyond our solar system
(PhysOrg.com) -- NASA's Kepler mission has discovered the first Earth-size planets orbiting a sun-like star outside our solar system. The planets, called Kepler-20e and Kepler-20f, are too close to their star ...
Dec 20, 2011 |
4.9 / 5 (33) |
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How dogs can walk on ice without freezing their paws
Scientists in Japan have solved a long-standing veterinary mystery: how dogs can stand and walk for so long on snow and ice without apparent discomfort, and without freezing their paws.
Jan 13, 2012 |
4.3 / 5 (34) |
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2001-2010 warmest decade on record: WMO
Climate change has accelerated in the past decade, the UN weather agency said Friday, releasing data showing that 2001 to 2010 was the warmest decade on record.
Mar 23, 2012 |
3.9 / 5 (34) |
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Magnetic fields can send particles to infinity
Researchers from the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM, Spain) have mathematically shown that particles charged in a magnetic field can escape into infinity without ever stopping. One of the conditions ...
Apr 17, 2012 |
4.1 / 5 (26) |
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Apollo 11: 'A stark beauty all its own'
(PhysOrg.com) -- This image of the Apollo 11 landing site captured from just 24 km (15 miles) above the surface provides LRO's best look yet at humanity’s first venture to another world. When Neil Armstrong ...
Space & Earth / Space Exploration
Mar 08, 2012 |
4.8 / 5 (21) |
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Beyond the high-speed hard drive: Topological insulators open a path to room-temperature spintronics
(Phys.org) -- Strange new materials experimentally identified just a few years ago are now driving research in condensed-matter physics around the world. First theorized and then discovered by researchers ...
May 15, 2012 |
4.9 / 5 (18) |
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Life possible on 'large parts' of Mars: study
Australian scientists who modelled conditions on Mars to examine how much of the red planet was habitable said that "large regions" could sustain life.
Space & Earth / Space Exploration
Dec 12, 2011 |
4.8 / 5 (16) |
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NASA Planning for Possible Landings on Europa
All these worlds are yours except Europa, Attempt no landing there, Use them together use them in peace
Space & Earth / Space Exploration
Dec 15, 2011 |
5 / 5 (15) |
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Folding light: Wrinkles and twists boost power from solar panels
Taking their cue from the humble leaf, researchers have used microscopic folds on the surface of photovoltaic material to significantly increase the power output of flexible, low-cost solar cells.
Apr 27, 2012 |
4.9 / 5 (15) |
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Russia 'drills into' Antarctic subglacial lake
A Russian team has succeeded in drilling through four kilometres (2.5 miles) of ice to the surface of a mythical subglacial Antarctic lake which could hold as yet unknown life forms, reports said Monday.
Space & Earth / Earth Sciences
Feb 06, 2012 |
4.8 / 5 (13) |
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New evidence for complex molecules on Pluto's surface
(PhysOrg.com) -- The new and highly sensitive Cosmic Origins Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope has discovered a strong ultraviolet-wavelength absorber on Pluto's surface, providing new evidence ...
Space & Earth / Space Exploration
Dec 20, 2011 |
4.9 / 5 (12) |
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Researchers find a way to make glass that's anti-fogging, self-cleaning and free of glare
One of the most instantly recognizable features of glass is the way it reflects light. But a new way of creating surface textures on glass, developed by researchers at MIT, virtually eliminates reflections, ...
Nanotechnology / Nanomaterials
Apr 26, 2012 |
4.9 / 5 (12) |
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Graphene enhances many materials, but leaves them wettable
Graphene is the thinnest material known to science. The nanomaterial is so thin, in fact, water often doesn't even know it's there.
Nanotechnology / Nanomaterials
Jan 23, 2012 |
4.8 / 5 (12) |
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Surface
In mathematics, specifically in topology, a surface is a two-dimensional topological manifold. The most familiar examples are those that arise as the boundaries of solid objects in ordinary three-dimensional Euclidean space R3 — for example, the surface of a ball or bagel. On the other hand, there are surfaces which cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space without introducing singularities or intersecting itself — these are the unorientable surfaces.
To say that a surface is "two-dimensional" means that, about each point, there is a coordinate patch on which a two-dimensional coordinate system is defined. For example, the surface of the Earth is (ideally) a two-dimensional sphere, and latitude and longitude provide coordinates on it — except at the International Date Line and the poles, where longitude is undefined. This example illustrates that not all surfaces admits a single coordinate patch. In general, multiple coordinate patches are needed to cover a surface.
Surfaces find application in physics, engineering, computer graphics, and many other disciplines, primarily when they represent the surfaces of physical objects. For example, in analyzing the aerodynamic properties of an airplane, the central consideration is the flow of air along its surface.
For more information about Surface, read the full article at
Wikipedia.
This text uses material from Wikipedia and is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.
