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A new framework to predict spatiotemporal signal propagation in complex networks
Past studies have found that a variety of complex networks, from biological systems to social media networks, can exhibit universal topological characteristics. These universal characteristics, however, do not always translate ...
Engineering wave reflections with power flow-conformal metamirrors
Metasurfaces are two-dimensional (2-D) metamaterials that can control scattering waves of a light beam. Their applications include thin-sheet polarizers, beam splitters, beam steerers and lenses. These structures can control ...
Finding keyholes in metals 3-D printing
Additive manufacturing's promise to revolutionize industry is constrained by a widespread problem: tiny gas pockets in the final product, which can lead to cracks and other failures.
Diving into Earth's interior helps scientists unravel secrets of diamond formation
Understanding the global carbon cycle provides scientists with vital clues about the planet's habitability.
An exoplanet with an 11-hour orbit
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) was launched on April 18 of last year with the primary objective of discovering transiting planets smaller than Neptune around stars bright enough for spectroscopic investigations ...
A way to use a two-nickel catalyst to synthesize cyclopentenes
A pair of researchers at Purdue University has found a way to use a diatomic Ni-Ni catalyst to synthesize cyclopentenes. In their paper published in the journal Science, You-Yun Zhou and Christopher Uyeda describe their method ...
Scientist identifies gene responsible for spread of prostate cancer
A Rutgers study has found that a specific gene in cancerous prostate tumors indicates when patients are at high-risk for the cancer to spread, suggesting that targeting this gene can help patients live longer.
Health policy analysts call for more stringent rules for AI medical applications
A trio of health policy analysts from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of California has published a Policy Forum piece in the journal Science calling for more stringent rules for the introduction of AI medical ...
Touchdown: Japan probe Hayabusa2 lands on distant asteroid
A Japanese probe sent to collect samples from an asteroid 300 million kilometres away for clues about the origin of life and the solar system landed successfully on Friday, scientists said.
Physicists calculate proton's pressure distribution for first time
Neutron stars are among the densest-known objects in the universe, withstanding pressures so great that one teaspoon of a star's material would equal about 15 times the weight of the moon. Yet as it turns out, protons—the ...
Solving the jet/cocoon riddle of a gravitational wave event
An international research team including astronomers from the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany, has combined radio telescopes from five continents to prove the existence of a narrow stream of material, ...
Failure to take statins leads to higher mortality rates
Patients who took statins less than 70 percent of the time had a 20 percent increase in mortality compared with those taking them at least 90 percent of the time, a Stanford study found.
Discovery of new 'checkpoint' points to new cancer immunotherapy option
An international team involving Vanderbilt researchers has discovered that a new "checkpoint" protein on immune system cells is active in tumors, and that blocking it—in combination with other treatments—is a successful ...
Researchers create organoid of a brain region to study cognitive disorders
In a lab dish, Yale researchers modeled two brain structures and their interactions to shed light on the origins of neuropsychiatric diseases.
Researchers watch molecules in a light-triggered catalyst ring 'like an ensemble of bells'
Photocatalysts – materials that trigger chemical reactions when hit by light – are important in a number of natural and industrial processes, from producing hydrogen for fuel to enabling photosynthesis.
Report finds uh-oh issues in popular password managers
First step toward model brain: turning iPSCs into working blood-brain barrier
Vanderbilt University engineering researchers took a major step toward building a "brain in a dish:" They cultured induced pluripotent stem cells into a successful three-dimensional blood-brain barrier model.
Correct antibiotic dosing could preserve lung microbial diversity in cystic fibrosis
Children and young adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) whose lung infections were treated with suboptimal doses of antibiotics had fewer changes in lung microbial diversity during the IV treatment, and their microbial diversity ...
New MRI sensor can image activity deep within the brain
Calcium is a critical signaling molecule for most cells, and it is especially important in neurons. Imaging calcium in brain cells can reveal how neurons communicate with each other; however, current imaging techniques can ...
Could blockchain ensure integrity of clinical trial data?
UC San Francisco researchers have created a proof-of-concept method for ensuring the integrity of clinical trials data with blockchain. The system creates an immutable audit trail that makes it easy to spot any tampering ...
Triclosan added to consumer products impairs response to antibiotic treatment
Grocery store aisles are stocked with products that promise to kill bacteria. People snap up those items to protect themselves from the germs that make them sick. However, new research from Washington University in St. Louis ...
New theory could lead to better batteries, fuel cells
A new theory could enable researchers and industry to tune and improve the performance of a material called ionic ceramics in rechargeable batteries, fuel cells and other energy applications.
Vanderbilt collaboration yields promising compound to treat arrhythmia
A collaboration between Vanderbilt University professors of chemistry and medicine yielded a promising compound to treat arrhythmia from an unlikely place: the fungal natural product verticilide.
Climate change may affect ecological interactions among species
With herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, insectivores, frugivores, scavengers and decomposers, Earth's ecosystems function within a vast web of interactions among plants, animals, insects, fungi and microorganisms. A fundamental ...
Phantom limb sensation explained
After a limb amputation, brain areas responsible for movement and sensation alter their functional communication. This is the conclusion of a new study published today in Scientific Reports. According to the authors, from ...
Why a blow to the chest can kill or save you
A blow to the chest can have highly contrasting effects. For instance, some baseball players have died after being hit in the chest by a baseball, while patients undergoing fatal cardiac tachyarrhythmias have been saved by ...
Researchers map early visual processing between the retina and the brain
How are the images cast on the retina reassembled in the brain? Researchers in Munich and Tuebingen find that processing of visual stimuli occurs at the earliest waystation on the way to the visual cortex—but not all inputs ...
Treatment to a T? Taking a 'BiTE' out of lung cancer
Immune cells called T cells are key components in the fight against cancer. However, they sometimes struggle to recognize cancerous cells or to launch an appropriate response against them. T cell activity can be tweaked to ...
Left out: Researcher probes the pain of ostracism
The sad sensation of being left out inspires feelings of anger, sadness and revenge in humans – some of whom even express interest in joining gangs after being left out, according to research from the University of Virginia.
Over 600 Multiphysics Papers and Presentations Now Available
See how multiphysics simulation is used in research and development and get inspired by the latest simulation projects in this online collection of technical papers and presentations.
Low-cost drones fly to the rescue of the world's forests
Almost 1.6 billion people – more than a quarter of the global population – rely on forests for their livelihood. Of this number, it's said that around 60 million indigenous people are almost entirely dependent on forests ...
Protecting young athletes from abusive coaches – Let's get it right
The federal government has announced new initiatives aimed at keeping young athletes safe from abuse and harassment. The announcement by Minister of Sport Kirsty Duncan follows a CBC investigation that revealed more than ...
Why the carbon tax will cost some Maritimes families more than others
This year, Canadian households will be paying for their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. How much each household pays will depend not only on the amount of energy they consume, but also on where they live.
Basic income: World's first national experiment in Finland shows modest benefits
The preliminary findings from Finland's basic income experiment are out and they show mixed results. Both advocates and critics of the idea of a universal basic income will find cause for consternation and celebration. Though ...
New instrument unravels landscape longevity
How many years can a mountain exist? Bob Dylan's rhetorical question has just received yet another scientifically based answer. Researchers from Wageningen University & Research (WUR) and Denmark's Technical University (DTU) ...
Being a dad is hard when you're a plainfin midshipman fish
Each spring, male plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) —a kind of toadfish —emerge from the depths of the Pacific Ocean to breed on the beach. They overwhelm the beach at low tide, wedge themselves beneath ...
Utilities are starting to invest in big batteries instead of building new power plants
Due to their decreasing costs, lithium-ion batteries now dominate a range of applications including electric vehicles, computers and consumer electronics.
Green New Deal's focus on renewable energy could fight global warming, create healthier communities, says expert
The Green New Deal, a proposal taken up by scores of members of Congress this month, aims to use "clean, renewable, and zero-emission energy sources" to provide 100 percent of the power used in the U.S.
In hives, graduating to forager a requirement for social membership
It is a classic coming-of-age story, in many ways.
Improvised dance embodies complexities of social decisions
A work of art evolves from a series of decisions, as an artist combines brushstrokes, dance steps or musical notes to convey a feeling or idea. When a group of interacting dancers improvises a performance from a repertoire ...
Researchers get to the bottom of fairy circles
Fairy circles are round gaps in arid grassland that are distributed very uniformly over the landscape and only occur along the Namib Desert in southern Africa and in parts of Australia. Various theories circulate about the ...
Top German court backs VW owners in 'dieselgate' opinion
Germany top court on Friday backed Volkswagen owners' claims against the firm over cars rigged to cheat regulatory emissions tests, in an opinion that could guide lower courts' rulings.
Proximity to land determines how coral reef communities respond to climate change events
Severe weather and environmental disturbances, such as cyclones or thermal coral bleaching, affect specific areas of coral reefs differently, new research has shown.
Scientist identifies gene responsible for spread of prostate cancer
A Rutgers study has found that a specific gene in cancerous prostate tumors indicates when patients are at high-risk for the cancer to spread, suggesting that targeting this gene can help patients live longer.
Scientists map cell types in fetal kidney
Kidney failure is a serious issue because kidneys cannot regenerate themselves after injury. A possible solution consists of artificially growing healthy kidney tissue. To achieve that, scientists first need to understand ...
Fewer U.S. doctors are facing burnout
(HealthDay)—For decades, U.S. doctors have battled the long hours and demanding schedules that often lead to "burnout." But a new study brings welcome news, showing a slight decline in the numbers of physicians dealing ...
Nonconsensual porn is a growing threat among young adults, researchers find
One out of every 12 respondents in a nationwide survey say they have been victims of nonconsensual pornography.
The ethical argument to reducing legal blood alcohol concentration level
In the United States, motor vehicle accidents are a leading cause of injury and death, with 29 Americans losing their lives to alcohol-related driving incidents daily, and alcohol consumption is the single greatest contributing ...
Go nuts over nuts
(HealthDay)—Nuts are a delicious food to enjoy year-round, adding a richer taste to many of your favorite dishes. High in protein, fiber and essential minerals, nuts also contain healthy mono- and polyunsaturated fats that ...
New World Health Organization strategy aims to halve the global impact of snakebite
A new World Health Organization (WHO) strategy aims to halve the impact of snakebite, which affects 5.4 million people globally each year, kills up to 138 000 and leaves 400 000 suffering permanent physical and psychological ...
Stopping inflammation from becoming chronic
An international research team led by Friedrich Schiller University in Jena has developed a highly sensitive cell model to study the complex effects – and side effects – of anti-inflammatory drugs, with the ultimate aim ...
Taming the 'hunger nerve'
Jessica Knight had tried every diet out there, from low-carb to South Beach to a mail-order boxed meal plan. Ideally, she wanted to lose 50 pounds and lower her BMI, which at more than 30 was in the obese range. But she was ...
Scientists discover a hidden cause of encephalitis
A virus previously considered to be relatively harmless has been pinpointed by University of Alberta researchers as a cause of encephalitis.
Smartphone gambling encourages 'fruitless' bets
"Ubiquitous" smartphone gambling and lack of regulation presents a potential danger to people with addiction problems.
Polymer valves refined by computer simulations aim to reduce costs, improve minimally-invasive procedures
NIBIB-funded engineers are designing and testing aortic heart valve replacements made of polymers rather than animal heart tissues. The goal is to optimize performance of these valves in in an effort to improve outcomes and ...
New algorithm boosts accuracy, speed of lung tumour identification
Computing scientists at the University of Alberta have developed a neural network that outperforms other state-of-the-art methods of identifying lung tumours from MRI scans—an advance that could help reduce damage to healthy ...
Do you need to wear sunscreen while skiing or snowboarding?
Yes, you definitely do. While the cold winter months may not immediately bring to mind warmth and sunshine, ultraviolet (UV) rays still pose a risk and you need to apply sunscreen before heading outdoors, just like in the ...
Fungus from the intestinal mucosa can affect lung health
Writing in the journal Cell, a research team from Cologne and Kiel describes the mechanism of immune cross-reactivity. The immune system's reaction to Candida albicans in the intestine seems to amplify pathogenic immune processes ...
What's the right age to test for osteoporosis?
(HealthDay)—Osteoporosis is a threat to many women, especially after menopause. But the lead up to weak, brittle bones can start much earlier in life.
Why asbestos litigation won't go away: Because asbestos won't go away
It is tempting to dismiss asbestos as a problem of the past. The height of its consumption was in the 1970s, and asbestos litigation began over a half century ago. Many of its leading manufacturers and mining companies are ...
How childhood infections and antibiotics may increase risks of mental illness
Hospitalization for an infection might leave you at greater risk for mental illness, according to a recent study published in JAMA Psychiatry, which draws on data from youth in Denmark up to the age of 17 years.
U.S. agencies probing Johnson & Johnson over asbestos in talc
(HealthDay)—Johnson & Johnson is being investigated by the U.S. Justice Department and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission over possible asbestos contamination of the company's baby powder and other talc-based products.
Potential of strategic partnerships to form a Health Equity Network of the Americas (HENA)
Recognizing the persistence of health inequities in the Americas, an emerging Health Equity Network of the Americas (HENA) describes its approach to promoting health equity through intersectoral partnerships in a newly released ...
Scientists unravel genetic basis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Finns
One third of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cases in Finland are caused by one of the four major mutations, a new study from the University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital shows. Overall, 40% of patients carried ...
Health policy analysts call for more stringent rules for AI medical applications
A trio of health policy analysts from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of California has published a Policy Forum piece in the journal Science calling for more stringent rules for the introduction of AI medical ...
Failure to take statins leads to higher mortality rates
Patients who took statins less than 70 percent of the time had a 20 percent increase in mortality compared with those taking them at least 90 percent of the time, a Stanford study found.
Discovery of new 'checkpoint' points to new cancer immunotherapy option
An international team involving Vanderbilt researchers has discovered that a new "checkpoint" protein on immune system cells is active in tumors, and that blocking it—in combination with other treatments—is a successful ...
Researchers create organoid of a brain region to study cognitive disorders
In a lab dish, Yale researchers modeled two brain structures and their interactions to shed light on the origins of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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How to break down work into tasks that can be automated
Virtually every organization is wrestling and experimenting with automation. But most are missing the benefits that come from deep and systemic change. One of the largest failings, in our estimation, is that organizations ...
Laser-driven particle accelerator that can generate pairs of electron beams with different energies
Researchers at LMU have built the first-ever laser-driven particle accelerator that can generate pairs of electron beams with different energies.
Studying species interactions using remote camera traps
Species are often involved in complex interactions with other species, which can affect their occurrence, abundance, feeding habits and disease transmission. Observing and studying species interactions can be difficult. To ...
Are the French lousy at languages? Not if there's noise!
It is often said that the French have poor English skills. But according to a study conducted by a CNRS researcher (along with colleagues in the Netherlands, Finland and UK), when it comes to processing English spoken in ...
Sexual selection in action: Birds that attract multiple mates change their songs more quickly
How do individuals choose their mates? Why are some more successful at attracting mates than others?
Pharmaceutical residues in fresh water pose a growing environmental risk
Over the past 20 years, concentrations of pharmaceuticals have increased in freshwater sources all over the world, as research by environmental experts at Radboud University has revealed. Levels of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin ...
Revealing the role of the mysterious small proteins
The human genome contains an estimated 20,000 genes coding for proteins. The proteins are the body's "workers," tasked with performing specific functions that are key to survival. Despite their importance, there is a type ...
We can pay for pollution now or later—and the price is lower now
Every time we fill our gas tank, fire up the furnace, ride in an airplane, or use electricity generated by oil, coal, or natural gas, we are contributing to climate change worldwide.
A nonvolatile spintronics-based 50uW microcontroller unit operating at 200MHz
Researchers at Tohoku University have announced the development of a nonvolatile microcontroller unit (MCU) which achieves both high performance and ultra-low power by utilizing spintronics-based VLSI design technology.
How the dinosaurs went extinct: Asteroid collision triggered potentially deadly volcanic eruptions
It's almost 40 years since scientists discovered what wiped out the dinosaurs: an asteroid hitting Earth near modern-day Mexico. That was it, or so we thought.
A decline in gene discoveries
The number of papers reporting new protein-function discoveries in 2017 declined by two-thirds compared with 2000 output, according to research led by A*STAR.
Freezing upon heating: Formation of dynamical glass
The discovery of superconductivity and its experimental realization are two of the most important advancements in physics and engineering of the past century. Nevertheless, their statistical and dynamical characteristics ...
First step toward model brain: turning iPSCs into working blood-brain barrier
Vanderbilt University engineering researchers took a major step toward building a "brain in a dish:" They cultured induced pluripotent stem cells into a successful three-dimensional blood-brain barrier model.
Correct antibiotic dosing could preserve lung microbial diversity in cystic fibrosis
Children and young adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) whose lung infections were treated with suboptimal doses of antibiotics had fewer changes in lung microbial diversity during the IV treatment, and their microbial diversity ...
New MRI sensor can image activity deep within the brain
Calcium is a critical signaling molecule for most cells, and it is especially important in neurons. Imaging calcium in brain cells can reveal how neurons communicate with each other; however, current imaging techniques can ...
Vanderbilt collaboration yields promising compound to treat arrhythmia
A collaboration between Vanderbilt University professors of chemistry and medicine yielded a promising compound to treat arrhythmia from an unlikely place: the fungal natural product verticilide.
Varicose veins unlikely to develop into blood clots
Similar to leaky pipes, veins, as they return blood to the heart, sometimes fail to close completely. They stretch out and subsequently leak near the surface of the skin, creating spider or varicose veins that may cause discomfort.
Phantom limb sensation explained
After a limb amputation, brain areas responsible for movement and sensation alter their functional communication. This is the conclusion of a new study published today in Scientific Reports. According to the authors, from ...
Why a blow to the chest can kill or save you
A blow to the chest can have highly contrasting effects. For instance, some baseball players have died after being hit in the chest by a baseball, while patients undergoing fatal cardiac tachyarrhythmias have been saved by ...
Researchers map early visual processing between the retina and the brain
How are the images cast on the retina reassembled in the brain? Researchers in Munich and Tuebingen find that processing of visual stimuli occurs at the earliest waystation on the way to the visual cortex—but not all inputs ...
Treatment to a T? Taking a 'BiTE' out of lung cancer
Immune cells called T cells are key components in the fight against cancer. However, they sometimes struggle to recognize cancerous cells or to launch an appropriate response against them. T cell activity can be tweaked to ...
Left out: Researcher probes the pain of ostracism
The sad sensation of being left out inspires feelings of anger, sadness and revenge in humans – some of whom even express interest in joining gangs after being left out, according to research from the University of Virginia.
Skin diseases study uses crowdsourcing to gather data
In 1906, English statistician Francis Galton happened to visit a livestock fair where fairgoers were invited to guess the dressed weight of an ox scheduled for imminent slaughter. Some 800 attendees took part and afterwards ...
How diabetes causes muscle loss
Diabetes mellitus is associated with various health problems including decline in skeletal muscle mass. A research group led by Professor Wataru Ogawa at the Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine revealed that elevation ...
Genetic study seeks to prevent foodborne infection caused by Salmonella
A group of researchers from the School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, at the State University of São Paulo (FCAV-UNESP) in Jaboticabal, are investigating genes that are important for the survival of the bacterial ...
Virus linked to cancer takes over 'cellular mail' to alter tumor environment
A virus linked to cancer can hijack the host's cellular mail and could help drive changes in the environment around tumors, researchers from the University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center found.
Researchers discover potential attack strategy for aggressive breast cancer
University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center researchers have designed a novel way to attack an aggressive breast cancer. By working with a drug development company, they hope their laboratory discovery ...
Thermal stress elicits genomic changes that can make cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy
Harsh treatments that fail to eliminate tumors can make them more resilient, a new A*STAR study finds. Elevated temperature, nutrient deprivation, or other environmental stressors can cause cancer cells to acquire large-scale ...
Chikungunya antibody set to enter clinical trial
A monoclonal antibody against the chikungunya virus developed by researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center is the first monoclonal antibody encoded by messenger RNA to enter a clinical trial.
Research highlights need to improve access to healthcare for high-needs patients
University of Otago researchers have highlighted the need to improve access to primary health care services for high-needs populations with their recent study of high-needs patients using a free health clinic finding significant ...
Prostate cancer patients believe robotic surgery is superior – despite limited evidence
Robotic surgery for prostate cancer – an increasingly popular treatment option – is not proven as more effective, yet many patients believe that it is, a new UNSW and Ingham Institute study shows.
Experts warn of a surge in vector-borne diseases as humanitarian crisis in Venezuela worsens
The ongoing humanitarian crisis in Venezuela is accelerating the re-emergence of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, Chagas disease, dengue, and Zika virus, and threatens to jeopardise public health gains in the country ...
Raging bull: smashing away anger at Indonesia's 'Temper Clinic'
Armed with crowbars and wearing protective gear, three women assembled at a Jakarta stress clinic survey the cluster of bottles they're about to smash to pieces.
France sees no health reason for Nutella output stop
French authorities said Friday that there appeared to be no health risks behind the decision to halt production of Nutella at a plant in Normandy, the world's largest factory making the prized chocolate-and-hazelnut spread.
Study links diabetes and back pain
People with diabetes have a 35 percent higher risk of experiencing low back pain and 24 percent higher risk of having neck pain than those without diabetes, a review by University of Sydney researchers has found.
Researchers explore what tumor cells and a healthy retina have in common
How is a healthy retina cell like a tumor cell? It hijacks an energy-producing chemical reaction to churn out molecular building blocks. When tumor cells do it, they use the building blocks to make cancer grow and spread. ...
Scientists uncover how high-fat diet drives colorectal cancer growth
As cancer death rates drop overall, doctors have noted a frightening anomaly: deaths from colorectal cancer in people under 55 appear to be creeping up. According to the American Cancer Society, deaths in this younger group ...
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