Sorption is a collective term encompassing both adsorption and absorption processes by which atoms, ions, or molecules from a fluid phase (gas or liquid) become associated with a solid or another condensed phase. In scientific contexts, it describes equilibrium and kinetic phenomena governing partitioning of species between phases, driven by intermolecular forces, electrostatic interactions, chemical bonding, or physical entrapment. Sorption is characterized by isotherms, rate laws, and capacity parameters, and plays a central role in topics such as chromatography, contaminant transport, catalysis, surface chemistry, and materials science, where it controls retention, mobility, and bioavailability of chemical species.
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