Rheology techniques comprise experimental methods used to characterize the flow and deformation behavior of materials under applied stresses or strains, typically by quantifying relationships between shear stress, shear rate, and time. Core approaches include rotational rheometry (e.g., cone-plate, parallel-plate, and concentric cylinder geometries) for steady and oscillatory shear, capillary and microfluidic rheometry for high shear rates, and extensional rheometry for elongational flows. These techniques enable determination of viscoelastic moduli, yield stress, viscosity functions, thixotropy, and nonlinear responses, supporting constitutive modeling and microstructure–rheology correlations in complex fluids, soft solids, polymers, gels, and suspensions.
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