Network evolution as a research area investigates the dynamic processes by which networks—such as biological, social, technological, or information networks—change their topology, connectivity patterns, and functional properties over time. It encompasses mechanisms of node and edge addition, deletion, and rewiring, as well as co-evolution of network structure with node states or external constraints. Methods typically integrate temporal network analysis, stochastic and generative models, optimization, and simulation to characterize emergent structural features, robustness, and adaptability. The field also examines how evolutionary pressures, local interaction rules, and feedback mechanisms shape large-scale network organization and dynamics.
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