Titanium is a transition metal element (atomic number 22) characterized by a high strength-to-density ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility, making it a central topic in materials science and engineering research. In its metallic and alloyed forms, titanium exhibits a hexagonal close-packed (α) to body-centered cubic (β) phase transformation that underpins its mechanical tunability via alloying and heat treatment. Research topics include its role in aerospace and biomedical applications, surface modification for enhanced osseointegration or wear resistance, optimization of additive manufacturing parameters, and understanding its oxidation, hydrogen embrittlement, and microstructural evolution under extreme environments.
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