Thermal imaging is a non-contact sensing method that detects and visualizes spatial distributions of infrared radiation emitted by objects, converting them into temperature-resolved images. It typically employs uncooled microbolometer arrays or cooled photon detectors sensitive to mid- or long-wave infrared bands, with optics and calibration algorithms to map radiance to apparent surface temperature. The technique enables quantitative thermography, including emissivity correction, noise filtering, and temporal analysis, and is widely used for condition monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, materials characterization, building envelope assessment, and process control, where high sensitivity to small temperature gradients and accurate radiometric calibration are critical for reliable measurement and interpretation.
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