Sweating is a thermoregulatory and excretory biological process in which sweat glands, primarily eccrine glands in humans, secrete a hypotonic fluid composed mainly of water, electrolytes (notably sodium and chloride), and trace metabolites onto the skin surface. It is controlled predominantly by the sympathetic nervous system via cholinergic fibers, with output modulated by hypothalamic temperature regulation centers in response to increased core or skin temperature, emotional stimuli, or exercise. Evaporation of sweat from the skin dissipates heat through latent heat loss, contributing to maintenance of homeostatic body temperature and participating in fluid and electrolyte balance.
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