Spinal cord regeneration is a biological process involving the restoration of structure and function in damaged spinal cord tissue through cellular, molecular, and tissue-level mechanisms. It encompasses axonal regrowth, remyelination, synaptic reconnection, and re-establishment of neural circuits, often mediated by intrinsic neuronal growth programs, glial responses, extracellular matrix remodeling, and stem or progenitor cell activity. In regenerative-competent species, such as certain fish and amphibians, this process proceeds via coordinated neurogenesis and guided axon extension, whereas in mammals it is severely limited by inhibitory molecules, glial scar formation, and insufficient intrinsic growth capacity, making it a central focus of neuroregeneration research.
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