Solar-terrestrial interactions as a research area encompass the study of physical processes linking solar activity to the near-Earth space environment and upper atmosphere. It integrates solar physics, heliospheric physics, and geospace science to analyze how solar radiation, solar wind, coronal mass ejections, and interplanetary magnetic field structures drive magnetospheric dynamics, ionospheric variability, and thermospheric heating. Core topics include energy and momentum transfer via magnetic reconnection, wave–particle interactions, current systems, and particle precipitation, as well as their impacts on geomagnetic storms, substorms, space weather, and associated technological and atmospheric consequences.
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