Research news on Hydrosphere

The hydrosphere as a research area encompasses the integrated scientific study of all Earth water reservoirs—oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, groundwater, soil moisture, glaciers, ice caps, and atmospheric water vapor—and their dynamic interactions with the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and cryosphere. Research addresses physical, chemical, and biological processes governing water distribution, phase changes, circulation, and residence times across scales, from molecular to global. It involves quantifying fluxes in the hydrological cycle, assessing water mass and energy budgets, and evaluating anthropogenic impacts on water quality and availability, frequently using observational networks, remote sensing, numerical modeling, and coupled Earth system models.