Hydraulic engineering is a subdiscipline of civil and environmental engineering that applies fluid mechanics, hydrology, and sediment transport theory to the analysis, design, and management of systems involving water in both natural and built environments. It encompasses the quantitative characterization of surface and groundwater flow, open-channel and pressurized pipe hydraulics, and fluid–structure interactions, supporting the design of dams, spillways, levees, canals, stormwater and wastewater networks, and coastal and riverine protection works. Research in hydraulic engineering often addresses flow modeling, flood risk assessment, erosion and sediment dynamics, ecohydraulics, and the optimization of infrastructure for water resources utilization and hazard mitigation.
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