Histology is the branch of biological and medical sciences that studies the microscopic structure, organization, and functional correlations of cells, tissues, and organs. It relies on specimen preparation techniques such as fixation, embedding, sectioning, and staining to preserve and differentiate cellular and extracellular components for light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. Histology underpins understanding of tissue architecture, cell–matrix interactions, and organ-specific specialization, providing the structural basis for correlating morphology with physiology, molecular expression patterns, and pathological alterations in experimental and clinical research.
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