Hematite is an iron(III) oxide mineral with the idealized composition Fe₂O₃, crystallizing primarily in the trigonal (corundum-type) structure and serving as a major ore of iron. It exhibits antiferromagnetic ordering with weak ferromagnetism above the Morin transition and is characterized by high density, high refractive index, and strong optical absorption in the visible range. In materials science and geochemistry, hematite is important for redox processes, environmental remediation, and as a catalyst or photocatalyst support, while in sedimentology and planetary science it is used as an indicator of oxidative conditions and aqueous alteration.
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