Handheld field spectroscopy refers to portable, in situ spectroscopic measurement methods that acquire reflectance, absorbance, or emission spectra of materials directly in the field using compact, battery-powered instruments. These methods typically employ visible–near infrared (VNIR), shortwave infrared (SWIR), or mid-infrared (MIR) detectors and fiber-optic or contact probes to rapidly characterize surfaces such as soils, vegetation, rocks, or man-made materials without sample extraction. Handheld field spectroscopy enables high-throughput, georeferenced spectral data collection for calibration–validation of remote sensing products, proximal sensing in precision agriculture, rapid environmental assessment, and real-time material identification in geosciences and engineering applications.
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