Fluid migration, as a geoscientific topic, refers to the movement of liquids and gases (e.g., hydrocarbons, aqueous fluids, CO₂-rich phases) through porous and fractured geological media driven by pressure, buoyancy, capillary forces, and chemical potential gradients. It encompasses multiphase flow, dissolution–precipitation processes, and fluid–rock interaction that modify porosity, permeability, and mineralogy. Research on fluid migration integrates petrophysical characterization, reactive transport modeling, and geophysical monitoring to quantify flow pathways, rates, and trapping mechanisms. This topic is central to understanding basin evolution, hydrocarbon charge and leakage, ore deposit formation, geothermal systems, and subsurface storage of carbon dioxide or waste fluids.
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