Deposition, as a physical phenomenon, refers to the process by which particles, molecules, or phases are transferred from a fluid or vapor phase and accumulate on a surface or within a medium, leading to a net increase in material at that location. It encompasses mechanisms such as gravitational settling of aerosols, Brownian and turbulent diffusion to boundaries, electrostatic attraction of charged species, and phase transition from gas directly to solid (sublimation in reverse). Deposition phenomena are central in fields such as atmospheric science, surface science, and transport phenomena, where they influence boundary-layer processes, surface growth, contamination, and the evolution of material interfaces.
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