Complex systems as a research area focuses on studying systems composed of many interacting components whose collective behavior exhibits nonlinearity, emergence, adaptation, and self-organization. It integrates methods from statistical physics, dynamical systems, information theory, network science, and computational modeling to characterize structure–dynamics relationships across domains such as biology, ecology, social systems, and technological networks. Research emphasizes multiscale interactions, feedback loops, critical phenomena, robustness, and phase transitions, often using agent-based models, coupled differential equations, or stochastic processes to understand how macroscopic patterns arise from microscopic rules and how these systems respond to perturbations or control interventions.
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