Biochemistry is the branch of science that investigates the chemical substances, reactions, and molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes in living organisms. It focuses on the structure, function, and interactions of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and metabolites, and how these components are organized into pathways and networks that govern metabolism, signal transduction, gene expression, and cellular homeostasis. Biochemistry integrates principles from chemistry, molecular biology, and physics, employing quantitative and structural approaches to elucidate how molecular events translate into cellular and organismal phenotypes, and to inform fields such as molecular medicine, biotechnology, and systems biology.
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