Rosales is an order of flowering plants (angiosperms) within the clade Rosids, encompassing families such as Rosaceae, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, and Urticaceae, among others. Members of Rosales exhibit substantial morphological diversity, ranging from herbaceous plants to trees and shrubs, but are often characterized by stipulate leaves, actinomorphic flowers, and frequently a hypanthium. The order includes species with varied fruit types (e.g., drupes, pomes, achenes, syncarps) and complex secondary metabolite profiles. Phylogenetically, Rosales is defined and circumscribed by molecular data (e.g., plastid and nuclear gene sequences), which have clarified relationships among families traditionally grouped on the basis of floral and vegetative traits.
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