Spiders are arthropods of the order Araneae within the class Arachnida, characterized by two main body segments (prosoma and opisthosoma), chelicerae modified into venom-injecting fangs, absence of antennae, and typically eight legs. They possess silk glands (spigots on spinnerets) producing diverse silk types for web construction, prey capture, egg protection, and locomotion. Most are obligate predators, using venom and digestive enzymes for extraoral digestion. Respiration occurs via book lungs, tracheae, or both, and many exhibit complex courtship behaviors to mitigate sexual cannibalism. Araneae is highly diverse taxonomically and ecologically, occupying nearly all terrestrial ecosystems and serving crucial roles as invertebrate predators.
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