Archeology is a scientific discipline within the broader field of the social and historical sciences that investigates past human societies primarily through their material remains, including artifacts, features, ecofacts, and constructed landscapes. It employs systematic field methods such as survey, excavation, and stratigraphic recording, combined with laboratory analyses including radiometric dating, bioarchaeology, geoarchaeology, and material characterization techniques. Archeology formulates and tests hypotheses about cultural processes, technological systems, subsistence strategies, social organization, and long-term human–environment interactions, integrating theoretical frameworks from anthropology, history, and related disciplines to reconstruct and interpret cultural sequences and transformations over time.
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