Chromosomes undergo precise structural changes at a molecular level during the different phases of cell division. These changes occur at a high level of accuracy to prevent genome instability. Genome instability resulting ...
Cell & Microbiology
May 27, 2022
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24
In most mammals, females have two X chromosomes and males have one X and one Y chromosome in each of their cells. To avoid a double dose of X-linked genes in females, one of the Xs is silenced early in the developmental process. ...
Biotechnology
May 20, 2022
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37
Stem cells that give rise to the mouse yolk sac have been isolated and cultured in the lab for the first time by RIKEN researchers, raising the possibility of artificially creating mouse embryos from stem cells in the future.
Cell & Microbiology
May 16, 2022
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23
Northwestern Medicine scientists have identified critical regulatory processes that govern differentiation in embryonic stem cells, according to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Cell & Microbiology
May 09, 2022
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43
Blood-forming stem cells found in bone marrow are the life-saving component used in bone marrow transplants. However, suitable donors cannot be found in many cases. A new study reveals how the human embryo develops the precursor ...
Cell & Microbiology
Apr 28, 2022
0
66
A team of researchers affiliated with multiple institutions in Japan has produced offspring from in vitro–derived germ cells in rats. In their paper published in the journal Science, the group describes their methodology ...
Stem cell research has been responsible for major advances in medicine, but the use of stem cells from embryonic tissue is an active ethical debate. Historically, Christian perspectives have been the center of these conversations, ...
Other
Apr 07, 2022
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4
RIKEN biologists have mapped out key features of the chromosomal landscape that lock in the identity of stem cells that give rise to the mouse placenta. This could aid research into placental function and reproductive medicine.
Cell & Microbiology
Apr 01, 2022
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41
With help from the best tweezers in the world, a team of researchers from the University of Copenhagen has shed new light on a fundamental mechanism in all living cells that helps them explore their surroundings and even ...
Cell & Microbiology
Mar 28, 2022
0
83
In a world-first, scientists from BGI-Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and a group of partners published a study in Nature, announcing the discovery of a transgene-free, rapid, and controllable method to convert pluripotent ...
Cell & Microbiology
Mar 21, 2022
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125
Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of an early stage embryo known as a blastocyst. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4–5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50–150 cells.
Embryonic Stem (ES) cells are pluripotent. This means they are able to differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. These include each of the more than 220 cell types in the adult body. Pluripotency distinguishes ES cells from multipotent progenitor cells found in the adult; these only form a limited number of cell types. When given no stimuli for differentiation, (i.e. when grown in vitro), ES cells maintain pluripotency through multiple cell divisions. The presence of pluripotent adult stem cells remains a subject of scientific debate; however, research has demonstrated that pluripotent stem cells can be directly generated from adult fibroblast cultures.
Because of their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, ES cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. However Diseases treated by these non-embryonic stem cells include a number of blood and immune-system related genetic diseases, cancers, and disorders; juvenile diabetes; Parkinson's; blindness and spinal cord injuries. Besides the ethical concerns of stem cell therapy (see stem cell controversy), there is a technical problem of graft-versus-host disease associated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, these problems associated with histocompatibility may be solved using autologous donor adult stem cells or via therapeutic cloning.
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