Scientists discover key genes behind insect migrations

Scientists discover key genes behind insect migrations
Bujaruelo mountain pass. Credit: Will Hawkes

Scientists have identified more than 1,500 genetic differences between migratory and non-migratory hoverflies.

A team led by the University of Exeter captured migrating insects as they flew through a mountain pass, and sequenced to identify which determine .

This was then compared to that of non-migrating summer hoverflies.

"We identified 1,543 genes whose activity levels were different in the migrants," said lead author Toby Doyle, of the Center for Ecology and Conservation on Exeter's Penryn Campus in Cornwall.

"What really struck us though was the remarkable range of roles these genes play.

"Migration is energetically very demanding, so finding genes for metabolism was no surprise but we also identified genes with roles in muscle structure and function, hormonal regulation of physiology, immunity, stress resistance, flight and feeding behavior, sensory perception and for increasing longevity."

Each autumn, billions of migratory hoverflies leave northern Europe and make a long-distance journey south.

Their journey takes them through the Pyrenees where they become concentrated through high mountain passes.

Scientists discover key genes behind insect migrations
Migratory marmalade hoverfly in flight. Credit: Will Hawkes

"It is an amazing spectacle to witness, an endless stream of hundreds of thousands of individuals through a 30-meter pass," said Dr. Karl Wotton.

When the researchers started ordering these genes by function, they discovered suites of genes were being activated in concert: insulin signaling for longevity, pathways for immunity, and those leading to octopamine production, the insect equivalent of the fight or flight hormone adrenaline, for long-distance flight.

"These pathways have been integrated into migratory hoverflies and modified by evolution to allow for long-distance movement," Dr. Wotton said.

The work provides a powerful genomic resource and to direct future studies into the evolution of migration.

Dr. Wotton added: "It is an exciting time to be studying the genetics of migration.

"Our research has already indicated several that have previously been associated with migration in butterflies, suggesting the existence of a shared 'migratory gene package' that controls migration across multiple animals."

The paper, published in the journal Molecular Ecology, is entitled: "Genome-wide transcriptomic changes reveal the genetic pathways involved in insect migration."

More information: Genome-wide transcriptomic changes reveal the genetic pathways involved in insect migration, Molecular Ecology (2022). DOI: 10.1111/mec.16588

Journal information: Molecular Ecology

Citation: Scientists discover key genes behind insect migrations (2022, July 8) retrieved 25 June 2024 from https://phys.org/news/2022-07-scientists-key-genes-insect-migrations.html
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