Statistical models show individuals vary in how air pollution impacts their mood

Affective sensitivity to air pollution (ASAP) describes the extent to which affect, or mood, fluctuates in accordance with daily changes in air pollution, which can vary between individuals, according to a study published August 7, 2024 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Michelle Ng from Stanford University, U.S., and colleagues.

Individuals' sensitivity to climate hazards is a central component of their vulnerability to climate change. Building on known associations between air pollution exposure and adverse mental health outcomes, Michelle Ng and colleagues introduce the ASAP construct and illustrate its measurement using intensive longitudinal data.

Specifically, the authors applied statistical models to intensive repeated measures data obtained from 150 US individuals for more than a year. The researchers used the models to examine whether and how individuals' daily affective states fluctuate with the daily concentrations of outdoor air pollution in their county.

They looked at two components of individuals' affective state: arousal, the level of physiological activation, and valence, the positivity or negativity of their mood.

The work demonstrated the viability of using air pollution data obtained from local air quality monitors alongside psychological data to assess individuals' ASAP. The researchers found that individuals' affect arousal was lower than usual on days with higher than usual air pollution. Most importantly, there were substantial differences in ASAP between individuals.

The finding that individuals' day-to-day affect may be disrupted by air pollution has important implications. For example, ASAP could help partially explain one of the mechanisms by which exposure to air pollution increases longer-term risk for adverse mental health outcomes, such as symptoms of anxiety and depression. In addition, if air pollution blunts an individual's affect, the blunting might be associated with a lack of climate action.

The authors state that ASAP can be leveraged to better integrate affect and mental health in climate adaptation planning, for example to inform climate vulnerability assessments and design personalized interventions to support affect in the context of air pollution exposure.

The authors add, "According to the World Health Organization, 90% of the world's population breathes air that does not meet its standards for livable air quality. We propose a person-specific construct called 'affective sensitivity to air pollution' based on our finding that individuals differ significantly in how their affective states fluctuate in accordance with their daily exposures to air pollution."