An avatar will never lie, or will it? Scientists investigate how often we change our minds in virtual environments

How confident are you in your judgments and how well can you defend your opinions? Chances are that they will change under the influence of a group of avatars in a virtual environment. Scientists from SWPS University have investigated the human tendency to be influenced by the opinions of others, including virtual characters.

"We usually conform to the views of others for two reasons. First, we succumb to group pressure and want to gain social acceptance. Second, we lack sufficient knowledge and perceive the group as a source of a better interpretation of the current situation," explains Dr. Konrad Bocian from the Institute of Psychology at SWPS University.

So far, only a few studies have investigated whether moral judgments, or evaluations of another person's behavior in a given situation, are subject to group pressure. This issue was examined by scientists from SWPS University in collaboration with researchers from the University of Sussex and the University of Kent. The scientists also investigated how views about the behavior of others changed under the influence of avatar pressure in a virtual environment. A paper on this topic is published in PLOS ONE.

"Today, social influence is increasingly as potent in the digital world as in the real world. Therefore, it is necessary to determine how our judgments are shaped in the digital reality, where interactions take place online and some participants are avatars, not real humans," points out Dr. Bocian.

Do others know better?

In the first study, the researchers tested the extent to which participants—a total of 103 people—would change their private moral judgments to conform with the judgments of others. First, participants independently judged specific behavior, such as a woman punishing her child for getting bad grades in school or a man answering the phone and talking loudly in a cinema. Then, participants judged the same behaviors in groups with three other people who responded in a completely different way than the participant did in the first part of the study.

"Participants adjusted their opinions to conform with others in 43% cases. However, they did it less often when the judgments concerned situations in which other people were harmed," says Dr. Bocian.

Under pressure from avatars

The second study repeated the experiment with 138 participants in a virtual environment. Each participant first judged the behavior of other people in a given situation, and then—after putting on a VR headset—did it again in the presence of three avatars in a virtual environment.

Some of the avatars were allegedly controlled by humans; the remaining avatars were AI-controlled. In the latter case, participants were told that the Kent School of Engineering and Digital Arts wanted to run tests on their new three algorithms, which were implemented in the virtual avatars.

"It turned out that participants changed their judgments to align them with judgments of human-controlled avatars in 30% cases, and in 26 percent cases when avatars were controlled by AI. The results suggest that judgments about moral behavior, like other judgments we make, are subject to pressure from both real and virtual groups," says Dr. Bocian.

Researchers emphasize that further research is needed to determine the extent to which groups can influence the judgments of others in a digital setting, and in particular the social consequences of such influence in the era of rapid growth of digital communication, which may soon move to different metaverses.

"Group pressure to influence private moral judgments of individuals in a virtual world can be used for both good and malicious purposes. This is why understanding the mechanisms of this influence is so important. Only with in-depth knowledge can we increase the awareness of virtual world participants about the influence that others can have on them," the researcher concludes.