Clues to Pluto's history lie in its faults

The world first glimpsed Pluto up close when NASA's New Horizons spacecraft whizzed by it in July 2015. One of the most exciting discoveries scientists made based on New Horizons data was that Pluto, despite orbiting at more ...

The role of magma in the birth of the Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean was born roughly 200 million years ago when the supercontinent Pangea began to break apart. As continental crust stretched and fractured, oceanic crust took its place. To investigate this rifting process, ...

Radiometric dating sheds light on tectonic debate

At the far edges of continents, where the continental shelf transitions into the deep ocean, continental and oceanic plates come face to face. At many of these margins, the denser oceanic plate is pushed below the continental ...

Rethinking how valley fever spreads

Coccidioidomycosis, commonly known as valley fever, is a disease caused by two species of fungi from the genus Coccidioides: C. immitis and C. posadasii. Normally found in desert soil, these fungi can cause such symptoms ...

Understanding rare rain events in the driest desert on Earth

In the enduring dryness of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile where the average rainfall is as low as 5 millimeters per year, rare rain events can come swiftly and intensely. They shape the landscape and provide precious ...

Diurnal oxidation for manganese minerals in the Arctic Ocean

Manganese is an important element for all life, but it plays an especially critical role in photosynthesis, in which it is the catalyst for splitting oxygen molecules from water. In the ocean—where phytoplankton is a key ...

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