This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:

fact-checked

peer-reviewed publication

trusted source

proofread

Dental enamel study suggests differences in Neanderthal and Paleolithic human childhood stress

Differences in Neanderthal and Palaeolithic human childhood stress
High-resolution replica of a Neanderthal tooth (Le Moustier lower right canine) with developmental enamel defects (hypoplasia) indicated by red arrows. Credit: Kate Mcgrath.

Neanderthal children (who lived between 400,000 and 40,000 years ago) and modern human children living during the Upper Paleolithic era (between 50,000 and 12,000 years ago) may have faced similar levels of childhood stress but at different developmental stages, according to a study published in Scientific Reports. The authors suggest that these findings could reflect differences in childcare and other behavioral strategies between the two species.

Laura Limmer, Sireen El Zaatari and colleagues analyzed the of 423 Neanderthal teeth (from 74 Homo neanderthalensis individuals) and 444 Upper Paleolithic humans (from 102 Homo sapiens individuals). They investigated early-life stress in these individuals by identifying horizontal grooves of thinner enamel, which previous research has demonstrated can be associated with childhood stressors such as illness, infections, malnutrition, , and trauma.

The authors found that the overall likelihood of enamel defects was similar in both Neanderthal and Upper Paleolithic modern human teeth but that the developmental stages that these defects were likely to occur in varied between both species.

Among Upper Paleolithic humans, enamel defects were more likely to occur around the ages weaning is estimated to have occurred—between one and three years of age—than after the estimated weaning period. Among Neanderthals, enamel defects were more likely to begin to appear with the expected weaning period (around one year of age), before peaking during the post-weaning period (between two and four years of age) and then decreasing.

The authors hypothesize that the stress experienced by Paleolithic during weaning could have been caused by increasing energy demands raising the risk of malnutrition.

They propose that Upper Paleolithic humans may have helped reduce developmental stress in children after weaning through strategies such as encouraging prolonged dependence on parents, exploiting resources more efficiently, and providing children with access to food.

They suggest that these strategies may not have been used by Neanderthals and that this could have contributed to long-term survival advantages for compared to Neanderthals.

More information: Laura Limmer, Differences in childhood stress between Neanderthals and early modern humans as reflected by dental enamel growth disruptions, Scientific Reports (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61321-x. www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-61321-x

Journal information: Scientific Reports

Citation: Dental enamel study suggests differences in Neanderthal and Paleolithic human childhood stress (2024, May 23) retrieved 16 June 2024 from https://phys.org/news/2024-05-dental-enamel-differences-neanderthal-paleolithic.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

Explore further

Innovation in stone tool technology involved multiple stages at the time of modern human dispersals, study finds

105 shares

Feedback to editors