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In Mississippi, a tiny fish is reintroduced to the river where it disappeared 50 years ago
A species of tiny fish that once flourished in a river running hundreds of miles from central Mississippi into southeastern Louisiana is being reintroduced to the Pearl River after disappearing 50 years ago.
Wildlife experts say a number of factors likely contributed to the disappearance of the pearl darter from the Pearl River system, including oil and gas development, agricultural runoff, urban pollution, and dam construction. All are deemed detrimental to the pearl darter's habitat and survival.
And even though pollution and other threats to habitat remain today within the Pearl River, more than 400 miles (644 kilometers) long, officials say the 1972 federal Clean Water Act has helped make it cleaner. Clean enough, in fact, that Mississippi and the federal government wildlife experts say there are signs that the pearl darter may be able to thrive there again.
"This site has some of the highest species diversity in the entire Pearl River," said Matt Wagner, a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologist who last month joined workers wading into the Strong River, a headwater tributary of the Pearl. They dipped bowls into buckets full tiny pearl darters from a private hatchery and eased them into the water.
"There's more species here than most other places, and a lot of the species that we find here are what we call sensitive species. They are species that are not very tolerant of things like pollution, high disturbance and things of that nature."
The presence of those species bodes well for the return of the pearl darter to the Pearl River, Wagner said.
The pearl darter is a bottom-dwelling fish that measures about 2.5 inches (6.4 centimeters) long. It is named for the iridescent coloring around its gills, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which listed it as a threatened species in 2017.
It had not vanished completely by 1973. It was still found in Mississippi's Pascagoula River system. But that accounted for only about 43% of its historic range.
Wagner is optimistic about its future in the Pearl River.
"This is the biggest win of my career as a biologist so far," Wagner said. "It's very seldom that you get to restore a species back to its historic range. As a biologist, when you go to school, this is the type of day you're all dreaming about."
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Matthew Wagner, a biologist from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, guides Cheryl Berry Welch, of the Garden Club of Jackson, as they release threatened pearl darter fish, which haven't lived in the Pearl River system for 50 years, in the Strong River, a tributary of the Pearl River, in Pinola, Miss., Monday, July 31, 2023. Credit: AP Photo/Gerald Herbert -
Ryan Lehman, a researcher for the University of Southern Mississippi, takes water samples and measures water chemistry and velocity to test for environmental DNA, in the Strong River, a tributary of the Pearl River, in Pinola, Miss., Monday, July 31, 2023. Biologists from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife, the Mississippi Department of Wildlife Fisheries and Parks, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Garden Club of Jackson, released a brood of threatened pearl darter fish, which haven't lived in the Pearl River system for 50 years. Credit: AP Photo/Gerald Herbert -
Matthew Wagner, a biologist from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, holds a threatened pearl darter fish, which haven't lived in the Pearl River system for 50 years, as they are released in the Strong River, a tributary of the Pearl River, in Pinola, Miss., Monday, July 31, 2023. Wildlife experts say a number of pollution and habitat problems likely contributed to the disappearance of the pearl darter from the Pearl River system. Credit: AP Photo/Gerald Herbert -
Landowner Sarah Dabney Gillespie releases threatened pearl darter fish, which haven't lived in the Pearl River system for 50 years, in the Strong River, a tributary of the Pearl River, in Pinola, Miss., Monday, July 31, 2023. Wildlife experts say a number of pollution and habitat problems likely contributed to the disappearance of the pearl darter from the Pearl River system. Credit: AP Photo/Gerald Herbert -
Matthew Wagner, a biologist from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, releases threatened pearl darter fish, which haven't lived in the Pearl River system for 50 years, in the Strong River, a tributary of the Pearl River, in Pinola, Miss., Monday, July 31, 2023. Wildlife experts say a number of pollution and habitat problems likely contributed to the disappearance of the pearl darter from the Pearl River system. Credit: AP Photo/Gerald Herbert -
Threatened pearl darter fish, which haven't lived in the Pearl River system for 50 years, are released in the Strong River, a tributary of the Pearl River, in Pinola, Miss., Monday, July 31, 2023. Wildlife experts say a number of pollution and habitat problems likely contributed to the disappearance of the pearl darter from the Pearl River system. Credit: AP Photo/Gerald Herbert -
Matthew Wagner, a biologist from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, guides Cheryl Berry Welch, of the Garden Club of Jackson, release threatened pearl darter fish, which haven't lived in the Pearl River system for 50 years, in the Strong River, a tributary of the Pearl River, in Pinola, Miss., Monday, July 31, 2023. Credit: AP Photo/Gerald Herbert -
Matthew Wagner, a biologist from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, gives a group announcement, as they release threatened pearl darter fish, which haven't lived in the Pearl River system for 50 years, in the Strong River, a tributary of the Pearl River, in Pinola, Miss., Monday, July 31, 2023. Wildlife experts say a number of pollution and habitat problems likely contributed to the disappearance of the pearl darter from the Pearl River system. Credit: AP Photo/Gerald Herbert
There will be regular sampling of the waters to see how the species is surviving. The hope is that they will thrive and spread throughout the Pearl system and federal protection will some day no longer be needed.
"They should, ideally, get delisted from the Endangered Species Act," Wagner said.
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