PUNCH mission achieves milestone
![NASA has selected Southwest Research Institute to lead a microsatellite mission to image the Sun's outer corona. PUNCH proposes a constellation of four suitcase-sized satellites that will orbit the Earth, studying how the Sun's corona connects with the interplanetary medium, to better understand how coronal structures infuse the solar wind with mass and energy. Credit: Southwest Research Institute SwRI-led PUNCH mission achieves milestone](https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2020/swriledpunch.jpg)
On April 8, 2020, the Polarimeter to UNify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH) mission achieved an important milestone, passing NASA's critical System Requirements Review/Mission Definition Review (SRR/MDR). Southwest Research Institute is leading PUNCH, a NASA Small Explorer (SMEX) mission that will integrate understanding of the Sun's corona, the outer atmosphere visible during eclipses, with the tenuous "solar wind" filling the solar system.
"For over 50 years, we've studied the solar corona by remote imaging and the solar wind by direct sampling," said PUNCH Principal Investigator Dr. Craig DeForest of SwRI's Space Science and Engineering Division. "PUNCH will bridge that gap by imaging the solar wind itself as it leaves the outermost reaches of the Sun's corona."
The solar wind, a supersonic stream of charged particles emitted by the Sun, fills the heliosphere, the bubble-like region of space encompassing our solar system. Its boundary, where the interstellar medium and solar wind pressures balance, ends the sphere of the Sun's influence.
PUNCH is a constellation of four separate suitcase-sized satellites scheduled to launch in 2023 into a polar orbit formation. One satellite carries a coronagraph, the Narrow Field Imager, that images the Sun's corona continuously. The other three each carry SwRI-developed wide-angle cameras, Wide Field Imagers (WFI), optimized to image the solar wind. These four instruments work together to form a single field of view spanning 90 degrees of the sky, centered on the Sun.
"Preparing for the SRR/MDR review was an unexpected challenge," DeForest said. "Team members have been working at home for over three weeks, yet they met the challenge and presented their design in written and oral presentations culminating in the positive decision from our review board."
SRR/MDR is a major milestone of mission development. It checks the flow of engineering and mission definition as activities segue into the design phase.
![SwRI developed and prototyped the Wide Field Imager for the PUNCH mission. The dark baffles in the top recess allow the instrument to image objects over a thousand times fainter than the Milky Way. Credit: Southwest Research Institute SwRI-led PUNCH mission achieves milestone](https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2020/1-swriledpunch.jpg)
"I'm very proud of this team for what they've accomplished during less than ideal collaboration conditions," said DeForest. "While spacecraft are constructed out of aluminum and exotic metals, they are initially made of requirements documents."
Provided by Southwest Research Institute