A visual journey to Bennu, the target of NASA's asteroid sampling mission OSIRIS-REx

Asteroid Bennu, the target of OSIRIS-REx, NASA's first mission to a pristine carbonaceous asteroid that may hold clues to the origins of life in our solar system, took center stage at the AAS's Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting in Tucson, Arizona. The mission's principal investigator, Dante Lauretta, will unveil a video animation chronicling the history and evolution of Bennu and present a review paper summarizing what scientists have learned about Bennu during 12 years of astronomical observations.

The talk will include the first public viewing of "Bennu's Journey," an animation created by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center that highlights the and the mission for non-technical audiences. "Bennu's Journey" takes the viewer on a visually stunning exploration to the origins of asteroid Bennu and its travels that take it past the Earth every six years.

"We have taken the scientific results of the ground-based observing campaign and combined the data with results obtained through computer simulations, to make the animation," said Lauretta, a professor of planetary science in the UA's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory.

The product, scheduled for public release on Nov. 18, is Goddard's first animation in the new 4k standard, providing images with four times the resolution of high-definition (HD) TV. Movie posters, wallpapers and the movie itself can be downloaded from the OSIRIS-REx mission website at www.asteroidmission.org/movie

"Our review paper summarizes the results of an extensive campaign to determine the physical, geological and dynamical properties of Bennu and provides the fundamental scientific motivation for the mission and explains what we're hoping to learn," Lauretta said. "The great value of an asteroid sample return lies in the knowledge that the sample is pristine and we know exactly where it came from. This is in sharp contrast to meteorites, which come to Earth from unknown origins, are altered by their trip through the atmosphere and exposed to the elements before they are found."

Scheduled for launch in the fall of 2016, OSIRIS-REx will rendezvous with Bennu in 2018, swoop down onto the asteroid's surface, collect a sample and return it to Earth in 2023. The OSIRIS-REx mission promises to help scientists address some basic questions about the composition of the very early , the source of organic materials and water that made life possible on Earth, and to better predict the orbits of asteroids that represent collision threats to the Earth.

"Our knowledge of Bennu's orbit allows us to assess its impact hazard," Lauretta said. "Bennu is one of the most Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) with an approximate 1-in-2,700 chance of impacting the Earth in the late 22nd century."

In 2135 Bennu will pass 300,000 km (186,411 miles) over the surface of the Earth, well inside the orbit of the Moon. The highest probability for a planetary impact is with Venus, followed by the Earth. In the statistically most likely scenario, the asteroid will end its dynamical life by falling into the Sun within the next 10 million years. There also is a chance that Bennu will be ejected from the inner solar system after a close encounter with Jupiter.

Bennu is a primitive carbonaceous asteroid, thought to contain organic matter and water and hold valuable clues to the formation of the solar system and the origin of life-seeding molecules on Earth.

"We infer that Bennu is an ancient object that has witnessed more than 4.5 billion years of solar system history," Lauretta said. "Its chemistry and mineralogy were established within the first 10 million years of the solar system's formation."

Bennu likely came into existence in the inner between Mars and Jupiter as an individual asteroid within the past 700 million to two billion years, as a result of a collision shattering its parent body, an asteroid believed to be 100-150 kilometers (60-90 miles) wide.

Classified as a rubble-pile asteroid, Bennu acquired its spinning-top shape—common of many near-Earth asteroids—as a result of changes in its rotational angular momentum over time, including closer encounters between Bennu and planets like Earth or Venus, that shifted rubble and smaller particles to pile up near the equator.

"These wide-scale resurfacing processes may have brought fresh material to Bennu's surface, unaltered by cosmic rays, solar wind and impacting particles, making it especially valuable scientifically," Lauretta said.

The review paper is being published as part of a special issue of the journal Meteoritics & Planetary Science dedicated to Michael J. Drake, former head of the UA's Department of Planetary Sciences and father of the OSIRIS-REx mission. Drake passed away in September 2011, having spent the last seven years of his life committed to making the OSIRIS-REx mission a reality. He established an international team, led by the UA along with Goddard Space Flight Center and Lockheed Martin, to propose an asteroid sample return mission to NASA.

More information: "The OSIRIS-REx Target Asteroid 101955 Bennu: Constraints on Its Physical, Geological, and Dynamical Nature from Astronomical Observations," Dante Lauretta et al., published online 10 November 2014, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/maps.12353/abstract

Citation: A visual journey to Bennu, the target of NASA's asteroid sampling mission OSIRIS-REx (2014, December 16) retrieved 19 March 2024 from https://phys.org/news/2014-12-visual-journey-bennu-nasa-asteroid.html
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