In the context of physical systems, 3-dimensional systems are systems whose relevant degrees of freedom are embedded in or constrained by three spatial dimensions, typically described by coordinates (x, y, z) in Euclidean space. Their behavior is governed by field equations or dynamical laws defined over a 3D manifold, such as Maxwell’s equations, Navier–Stokes equations, or Schrödinger’s equation in three spatial dimensions. These systems exhibit phenomena inherently dependent on 3D geometry and topology, including volumetric interactions, three-component vector fields, and spatially resolved boundary conditions, and they often require tensorial or vector calculus formalisms for accurate modeling and analysis.
What if we could find a way to make electric currents flow, without energy loss? A promising approach for this involves using materials known as topological insulators. They are known to exist in one (wire), two (sheet) and ...
Nanophysics
Jul 1, 2024
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A research team has developed a metamaterial capable of detecting the polarization and direction of light through 3D aerosol nanoprinting. Their study was featured in ACS Nano.
Nanomaterials
Jun 21, 2024
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99
Three-dimensional (3D) antiferromagnets are materials in which magnetic moments of atoms or ions are arranged in a 3D lattice structure with neighboring spins aligned in opposite directions. Physicists have observed a fascinating ...
Materials that can maintain a magnetized state by themselves without an external magnetic field (i.e., permanent magnets) are called ferromagnets. Ferroelectrics can be thought of as the electric counterpart to ferromagnets, ...
Nanophysics
May 31, 2024
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129
Canadian researchers have developed a new 3D printing method called blurred tomography that can rapidly produce microlenses with commercial-level optical quality. The new method may make it easier and faster to design and ...
Optics & Photonics
May 9, 2024
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115
A technology enabling the fabrication of intricate three-dimensional (3D) quantum dot (QD)-based structures at room temperature has been developed.
Nanomaterials
May 2, 2024
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Quantum materials have generated considerable interest for computing applications in the past several decades, but non-trivial quantum properties—like superconductivity or magnetic spin—remain in fragile states.
Nanophysics
Mar 1, 2024
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A research team has employed linker ions to pioneer a three-dimensional microprinting technology applicable to inorganic substances and other various materials. The work is published in the journal Nature Communications.
Nanomaterials
Feb 13, 2024
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Since early demonstrations of femtosecond laser as a three-dimensional (3D) processing tool, microdevices with exciting optical, electronic, mechanical, and magnetic functions have been manufactured, by which novel concepts ...
Optics & Photonics
Feb 8, 2024
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55
Rice University scientists have discovered a first-of-its-kind material, a 3D crystalline metal in which quantum correlations and the geometry of the crystal structure combine to frustrate the movement of electrons and lock ...
Condensed Matter
Jan 29, 2024
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