Exploring the hidden charm of quark-gluon plasma

Quark–gluon plasma is an extremely hot and dense state of matter in which the elementary constituents—quarks and gluons—are not confined inside composite particles called hadrons, as they are in the protons and neutrons ...

Studying the big bang with artificial intelligence

It could hardly be more complicated: tiny particles whir around wildly with extremely high energy, countless interactions occur in the tangled mess of quantum particles, and this results in a state of matter known as "quark-gluon ...

First detection of exotic 'X' particles in quark-gluon plasma

In the first millionths of a second after the Big Bang, the universe was a roiling, trillion-degree plasma of quarks and gluons—elementary particles that briefly glommed together in countless combinations before cooling ...

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