Linear optics comprises one of the best examples for demonstrating quantum physics. It works at room temperatures, and can be observed with relatively simple devices. Linear optics involves physical processes that conserve ...
Quantum Physics
Jun 05, 2019
0
117
The Standard Model is a remarkably successful but incomplete theory. Supersymmetry (SUSY) offers an elegant solution to the Standard Model's limitations, extending it to give each particle a heavy "superpartner" with different ...
General Physics
May 23, 2019
3
660
The High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is scheduled to begin colliding protons in 2026. This major improvement to CERN's flagship accelerator will increase the total number of collisions in the ...
General Physics
May 17, 2019
0
184
The Higgs boson was discovered in 2012 by the ATLAS and CMS Experiments at CERN, but its coupling to other particles remains a puzzle.
General Physics
May 07, 2019
25
503
A group of scientists at the Department of Energy's Fermilab has figured out how to use quantum computing to simulate the fundamental interactions that hold together our universe.
Quantum Physics
May 03, 2019
2
1663
Now that they've identified the Higgs boson, scientists at the Large Hadron Collider have set their sights on an even more elusive target.
General Physics
Apr 18, 2019
30
2602
In 2018, the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at CERN announced the observation of the production of the Higgs boson in association with a top-quark pair, known as "ttH" production. This result was the first observation of the ...
General Physics
Apr 09, 2019
0
248
The ATLAS Experiment at CERN has just released evidence for the simultaneous production of three W or Z bosons in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The W and Z bosons are the mediator particles ...
General Physics
Mar 22, 2019
0
202
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is currently shut down for a major two-year upgrade programme. However, LHC researchers are busy analysing the large dataset they have collected during the machine's second run (Run 2), which ...
General Physics
Mar 07, 2019
0
32
An international team of researchers has found evidence that suggests the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) should be able to "see" ultralight bosons if they exist. In their paper published in the journal Nature Astronomy, ...
In particle physics, bosons are subatomic particles that obey Bose–Einstein statistics. Several bosons can occupy the same quantum state. The word boson derives from the name of Satyendra Nath Bose.
Bosons contrast with fermions, which obey Fermi–Dirac statistics. Two or more fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state.
Since bosons with the same energy can occupy the same place in space, bosons are often force carrier particles. In contrast, fermions are usually associated with matter (although in quantum physics the distinction between the two concepts is not clear cut).
Bosons may be either elementary, like photons, or composite, like mesons. Some composite bosons do not satisfy the criteria for Bose-Einstein statistics and are not truly bosons (e.g. helium-4 atoms); a more accurate term for such composite particles would be "bosonic-composites".
All observed bosons have integer spin, as opposed to fermions, which have half-integer spin. This is in accordance with the spin-statistics theorem which states that in any reasonable relativistic quantum field theory, particles with integer spin are bosons, while particles with half-integer spin are fermions.
While most bosons are composite particles, in the Standard Model, there are six bosons which are elementary:
Unlike the gauge bosons, the Higgs boson and Graviton have not yet been observed experimentally.
Composite bosons are important in superfluidity and other applications of Bose–Einstein condensates.
This text uses material from Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY-SA
