In the context of physical systems, 3-dimensional systems are systems whose relevant degrees of freedom are embedded in or constrained by three spatial dimensions, typically described by coordinates (x, y, z) in Euclidean space. Their behavior is governed by field equations or dynamical laws defined over a 3D manifold, such as Maxwell’s equations, Navier–Stokes equations, or Schrödinger’s equation in three spatial dimensions. These systems exhibit phenomena inherently dependent on 3D geometry and topology, including volumetric interactions, three-component vector fields, and spatially resolved boundary conditions, and they often require tensorial or vector calculus formalisms for accurate modeling and analysis.
The cellular forms of natural materials are the inspiration behind a new lightweight, 3D printed smart architected material developed by an international team of engineers.
Nanomaterials
May 10, 2022
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168
Semiconducting nanomaterials with 3D network structures have high surface areas and a lot of pores that make them excellent for applications involving adsorbing, separating, and sensing. However, simultaneously controlling ...
Nanomaterials
Apr 26, 2022
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119
Animal cells can use elements or ions to generate electrical impulses. These impulses are then conveyed from one cell to another, traveling across cellular networks.
The carbon material graphene has no well-defined thickness; it merely consists of one single layer of atoms. It is therefore often referred to as a "two-dimensional material." Trying to make a three-dimensional structure ...
Nanomaterials
Jan 31, 2022
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114
Zeolites, which are crystalline porous materials, are very widely used in the production of chemicals, fuels, materials, and other products. So far, zeolites have been made as 3D or 2D materials. This has changed with the ...
Nanomaterials
Jan 21, 2022
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247
3D holograms, previously seen only in science fiction movies, may soon make their way to consumer technology. Until now, 3D holograms based on phase shifting holography method could be captured using a large, specialized ...
Nanophysics
Jan 5, 2022
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216
When it comes to creating next-generation electronics, two-dimensional semiconductors have a big edge. They're faster, more powerful and more efficient. They're also incredibly difficult to fabricate.
Nanophysics
Jan 3, 2022
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187
Scientists have used state-of-the-art 3D printing and microscopy to provide a new glimpse of what happens when taking magnets to three-dimensions on the nanoscale—1000 times smaller than a human hair.
Nanophysics
Dec 20, 2021
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2561
Three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic functional properties of a single material (such as magnetic, electrical, thermal and optical properties, etc.) are not only conducive to the multi-use of materials, but also help to enrich ...
Nanomaterials
Dec 17, 2021
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27
Micro-electro-mechanical devices (MEMS) are based on the integration of mechanical and electrical components on a micrometer scale. We all use them continuously in our everyday life: For example, in our mobile phones there ...
Nanomaterials
Nov 9, 2021
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92
