In the context of physical systems, 3-dimensional systems are systems whose relevant degrees of freedom are embedded in or constrained by three spatial dimensions, typically described by coordinates (x, y, z) in Euclidean space. Their behavior is governed by field equations or dynamical laws defined over a 3D manifold, such as Maxwell’s equations, Navier–Stokes equations, or Schrödinger’s equation in three spatial dimensions. These systems exhibit phenomena inherently dependent on 3D geometry and topology, including volumetric interactions, three-component vector fields, and spatially resolved boundary conditions, and they often require tensorial or vector calculus formalisms for accurate modeling and analysis.
Flexible electronic nanomembranes show promise for revolutionary organ-on-chip technologies, potentially reducing the need for animal testing in medical research.
Bio & Medicine
May 31, 2023
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47
A research team led by chemist Dmitry Momotenko has developed a new 3D printing technique for manufacturing ultrasmall metallic objects. Using this technique, the researchers aim to substantially increase the surface area ...
Nanomaterials
May 22, 2023
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12
The existing 3D-printed scaffolds commonly possess a thick feature size of hundreds of micrometers, which is too large for most cells (10–20 μm) to attach and proliferate for promoting tissue regeneration. Researchers ...
Bio & Medicine
Mar 14, 2023
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32
Scientists from UNSW Sydney have demonstrated a novel technique for creating tiny 3D materials that could eventually make fuel cells like hydrogen batteries cheaper and more sustainable.
Nanomaterials
Jan 17, 2023
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179
Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong have developed a strategy for creating ultrahigh-resolution, complex 3D nanostructures out of various materials.
Nanophysics
Dec 22, 2022
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27
Researchers from Hanyang University have recently designed a three-dimensional (3D) microarray with dynamic chirality selection.
Nanophysics
Nov 23, 2022
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10
Researching how cancers grow and spread has conventionally been done on two-dimensional, flat cultures of cells, which is very different to the three-dimensional structure of cells in the body. 3D cell cultures that incorporate ...
Bio & Medicine
Aug 12, 2022
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76
Despite being only a few atoms thick, MXene packs a powerful punch. This class of single layer, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials exhibits desirable properties like excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, heat resistance ...
Nanomaterials
Jul 13, 2022
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8
Researchers from Nanjing University and Beihang University in China and the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter (MPSD) in Hamburg, Germany, have produced a new class of exciton with hybrid dimensionality ...
Nanophysics
Jun 20, 2022
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174
The brilliant blue of the Hope Diamond is caused by small impurities in its crystal structure. Similar diamond impurities are also giving hope to scientists looking to create materials that can be used for quantum computing ...
Nanophysics
May 26, 2022
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44
