Learn Like a Human
For 50 years, computer scientists have been trying to make computers intelligent while mostly ignoring the one thing that is intelligent: the human brain.
For the past five years, Jeff Hawkins has been working on computer intelligence. Better known as the co-founder of Palm Computing and Handspring, Hawkins has been interested in the similarities and differences between brains and computers for over two decades.
In 2002, with the encouragement of some neuroscientist friends, he created the Redwood Neuroscience Institute. For three years, he worked with about 10 other scientists there on all aspects of neocortical anatomy, physiology, and theory. More than 100 other scientists visited RNI.
By 2004 Hawkins had developed and published a theory of what has come to be called Hierarchical Temporal Memory, but it was still rooted in biology. He wasn't able to turn the biological theory into a practical technology until a colleague, Dileep George, showed how HTM could be modeled on a type of Bayesian network.
George's prototype application was a vision system that recognized line drawings of 50 different objects, independent of size, position, distortion, and noise. Although it wasn't designed to solve a practical problem, it did things no other existing vision system could do.
In 2005, with a theory of the neocortex, a mathematical expression of that theory, and a working prototype, Hawkins created a start-up, Numenta, in Menlo Park, Calif. Numenta has created a software platform that allows anyone to build HTMs for experimentation and deployment. You don't program an HTM as you would a computer; rather you configure it with software tools, then train it by exposing it to sensory data. HTMs thus learn in much the same way that children do.
Carver Mead once said, "If we really understand a system we will be able to build it." Hawkins has built and tested enough HTMs of sufficient complexity to believe that they work, for at least some difficult and useful problems, such as handling distortion and variances in visual images.
The software development toolset that Numenta has released will allow scientists and developers to go much further. Already, researchers in industry, academia, and government are considering how to use HTMs to solve problems in data-rich areas like oil exploration and drug discovery. HTMs may be able to solve such classic problems as speech and visual pattern recognition, meteorology, and financial analysis.
Source: IEEE Spectrum Magazine
