Weathering rocks hold clues to Earth's Great Oxidation Event

About 2.4 billion years ago, Earth's atmosphere underwent what is called the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). Prior to the GOE, early Earth had far less molecular oxygen than we have today. After the GOE, molecular oxygen began ...

Diurnal oxidation for manganese minerals in the Arctic Ocean

Manganese is an important element for all life, but it plays an especially critical role in photosynthesis, in which it is the catalyst for splitting oxygen molecules from water. In the ocean—where phytoplankton is a key ...

Examining electron transport shuttles in microorganisms

Every living thing requires energy. This is also true of microorganisms. Energy is frequently generated in the cells by respiration, that is, by the combustion of organic compounds—in other words, food. During this process, ...

A superstar enzyme is ready for its close-up

A Yale-led team of chemists has unveiled the blueprints for a key enzyme that may contain design principles for a new generation of synthetic solar fuel catalysts.

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