There are different ideas about how quantum computers could be built. But they all have one thing in common: you use a quantum physical system—for example, individual atoms—and change their state by exposing them to very ...
Quantum Physics
Nov 26, 2023
8
116
Entropy is one of those fearsomely deep concepts that form the core of entire fields of physics (in this case, thermodynamics) that is unfortunately so mathematical that it's difficult to explain in plain language. But we ...
Astronomy
Nov 16, 2023
10
70
In a new study, scientists from the US and Taiwan have theoretically demonstrated the existence of a universal lower bound on topological entanglement entropy, which is always non-negative. The findings are published in the ...
The simulated universe theory implies that our universe, with all its galaxies, planets and life forms, is a meticulously programmed computer simulation. In this scenario, the physical laws governing our reality are simply ...
General Physics
Oct 21, 2023
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637
A new generation of refractory alloys with excellent high-temperature performance is urgently demanded for aero-engines, gas turbines, and nuclear power plants. As the service temperature of their hot-ends is reaching 1800 ...
Materials Science
Sep 26, 2023
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39
Though a cornerstone of thermodynamics, entropy remains one of the most vexing concepts to teach budding physicists in the classroom. As a result, many people oversimplify the concept as the amount of disorder in the universe, ...
Education
Sep 6, 2023
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33
Introduced in 2004, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are alloys composed of multiple principal elements in nearly equiatomic proportions. Their unique chemical composition results in a high degree of chemical disorder, i.e., entropy, ...
Analytical Chemistry
Jul 28, 2023
0
127
A team of chemists and engineers affiliated with a large number of institutions in China has found that using liquid metal to synthesize high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) is a viable alternative to conventional methods. ...
High-temperature shock (HTS) is an emerging synthesis method with kinetics-dominated non-equilibrium characteristics, which can achieve an ultrafast heating/cooling rate of ~105 K/s and a peak temperature larger than ~3000 ...
Nanomaterials
May 18, 2023
0
3
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have uncovered clues to understanding the behavior of high-entropy metal telluride superconductors. They found that features typical of glasses, solids with an amorphous structure, ...
Superconductivity
Mar 27, 2023
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58
Entropy is a concept applied across physics, information theory, mathematics and other branches of science and engineering. The following definition is shared across all these fields:
where S is the conventional symbol for entropy. The sum runs over all microstates consistent with the given macrostate and is the probability of the ith microstate. The constant of proportionality k depends on what units are chosen to measure S. When SI units are chosen, we have k = kB = Boltzmann's constant = 1.38066×10−23 J K−1. If units of bits are chosen, then k = 1/ln(2) so that .
Entropy is central to the second law of thermodynamics. The second law in conjunction with the fundamental thermodynamic relation places limits on a system's ability to do useful work.
The second law can also be used to predict whether a physical process will proceed spontaneously. Spontaneous changes in isolated systems occur with an increase in entropy.
The word "entropy" is derived from the Greek εντροπία "a turning towards" (εν- "in" + τροπή "a turning").
This text uses material from Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY-SA
