Immunology is the scientific discipline that investigates the molecular, cellular, and systemic mechanisms underlying immune recognition, regulation, and effector function in vertebrates and other organisms. It encompasses the study of innate and adaptive immune responses, including antigen processing and presentation, clonal selection, tolerance, immune memory, and the cytokine networks that orchestrate these processes. Immunology also examines the pathophysiology of immune-mediated diseases such as autoimmunity, allergy, immunodeficiencies, and transplant rejection, and underpins the rational design of vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapies, and diagnostic assays through quantitative, genetic, and systems-level approaches.
With the advent of commercial spaceflight, an increasing number of people may be heading into space in the coming years. Some will even get a chance to fly to the moon or live on Mars.
Space Exploration
Oct 16, 2025
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A US-Japanese trio on Monday won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for research into how the immune system is kept in check by identifying its "security guards," the Nobel jury said.
Other
Oct 6, 2025
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Population bottlenecks caused by stark population loss due to illness or habitat destruction caused mammals' disease immunity to decline, according to a new study led by computational biologists in the Penn State School of ...
Evolution
Sep 30, 2025
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LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is a specialized process for degrading dead cells, microbes or other particles. It plays a role in innate immunity, inflammation regulation and anticancer responses. St. Jude Children's Research ...
Cell & Microbiology
Sep 22, 2025
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Macrophages drive key immune processes including inflammation, tissue repair, and tumorigenesis via distinct polarization states whose accurate identification is vital for diagnosis and immunotherapy. However, methods like ...
Cell & Microbiology
Sep 10, 2025
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Burning, blisters, pain: More than 40 million people worldwide are infected with the herpes virus every year. The virus can pose a serious threat to newborns and people with weakened immune systems. Researchers in Hamburg ...
Bio & Medicine
Sep 4, 2025
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Something strange happens when two kinds of seals living in the waters around Cape Cod get infected with influenza—harbor seals get sick but gray seals don't.
Ecology
Sep 3, 2025
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25
Researchers from the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) have collaborated with the SILVACX project group at Heidelberg University to develop a therapeutic vaccination concept that can mobilize the immune system to target ...
Bio & Medicine
Sep 2, 2025
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41
Macrophages are part of the immune system's frontline; they attack and "eat" invaders to protect surrounding cells. They, along with other cells, maintain intracellular conditions through macroautophagy, using autophagosomes ...
Cell & Microbiology
Sep 2, 2025
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25
A Cornell-led collaboration has devised a potentially low-cost method for producing antibodies for therapeutic treatments. They've bioengineered bacteria with an overlooked enzyme that can attach complex sugars, known as ...
Biotechnology
Aug 26, 2025
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