Bone remodeling is a continuous biological process in which old or damaged bone is resorbed by osteoclasts and replaced with newly formed bone synthesized by osteoblasts, maintaining skeletal integrity and mineral homeostasis. It proceeds through tightly regulated phases: activation of remodeling units, osteoclastic resorption of mineralized matrix, reversal with mononuclear cell activity, and osteoblastic formation and mineralization. The process is controlled by systemic hormones (e.g., parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, sex steroids) and local cytokines and growth factors (e.g., RANKL, OPG, TGF-β), and is sensitive to mechanical loading, thereby allowing adaptive modification of bone architecture in response to functional demands.
An international collaboration study reveals how evolution and locomotion patterns, such as bipedalism, shaped bone structures through proteins present in the bone matrix. The findings of the study, led by researchers from ...
Evolution
Dec 18, 2025
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14
Research led by Vladimír Sládek sheds new light on how bones age, questioning long-standing assumptions that sedentary lifestyles are the primary cause of weakening bone strength in modern humans.
Other
Oct 10, 2025
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89
Losing your baby teeth is a strange experience. The teeth gradually loosen until they're replaced by thicker, more durable and permanent ones. But humans aren't the only animals capable of shedding teeth. In fact, most mammals ...
Evolution
Sep 29, 2025
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65
The 33rd SpaceX commercial resupply services mission for NASA, scheduled to lift off from the agency's Kennedy Space Center in Florida in late August, is heading to the International Space Station with an important investigation ...
Space Exploration
Aug 19, 2025
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65
A team of biomedical engineers at the Blue Marble Space Institute of Science working with a team of bio-scientist colleagues from NASA Ames Research Center, both in the U.S., has found that test mice living aboard the International ...
Bone and muscle deterioration, radiation exposure, vision impairment—these are just a few of the challenges space travelers face on long-duration missions, even before considering the psychological toll of isolation.
Space Exploration
Mar 18, 2025
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43
As the aging population around the world grows, metabolic diseases like osteoporosis are becoming more prevalent and placing a greater burden on health care systems. Rising to this challenge, a research team led by Prof. ...
Bio & Medicine
Nov 15, 2023
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93
The high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) microenvironment and its persistent inflammatory nature can promote damage to joints, bones, and the synovium. Strategies that integrate effective ...
Bio & Medicine
Oct 21, 2022
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114
