When plant roots learned to follow gravity

Highly developed seed plants evolved deep root systems that are able to sense Earth's gravity. The how and when of this evolutionary step has, until now, remained unknown. Plant biologists at the Institute of Science and ...

Mechanism of biological noise cancellation revealed

In biology, the physical differences between organisms of the same type, for example two humans, originate from so-called developmental noise stemming from probabilistic collisions between reacting molecules and environmental ...

Grazers and pollinators shape plant evolution

It has long been known that the characteristics of many plants with wide ranges can vary geographically, depending on differences in climate. But changes in grazing pressure and pollination can also affect the genetic composition ...

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