How to make an old antibiotic 100 times more potent

Nathaniel Martin, Professor of biological chemistry, wondered what would happen if you took an antibiotic that has been known for 70 years and tried to improve it with the latest tools of modern chemistry. Turns out it can ...

Better mixing leads to faster reactions for key chemicals

Pouring cream into coffee creates a show of eddies that rivals Jupiter's roiling storms. But one clank of the spoon collapses all that black and tan chaos into a smooth, uniform brown. It turns out there's a lot to that mixing. ...

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Chemical substance

cept

A chemical substance is a material with a specific chemical composition.

A common example of a chemical substance is pure water; it has the same properties and the same ratio of hydrogen to oxygen whether it is isolated from a river or made in a laboratory. Some typical chemical substances are diamond, gold, salt (sodium chloride) and sugar (sucrose). Generally, chemical substances exist as a solid, liquid, or gas, and may change between these phases of matter with changes in temperature or pressure. Chemical reactions convert one chemical substance into another.

Forms of energy, such as light and heat, are not considered to be matter, and thus they are not "substances" in this regard.

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