Feeding caterpillars make leaves shine

When a plant is attacked by herbivores, this triggers a number of physiological responses in the plant. Calcium ions are important messengers for the processing of wound signals in plant cells. They regulate signal transduction ...

Bacterial armor holds clues for self-assembling nanostructures

Imagine thousands of copies of a single protein organizing into a coat of chainmail armor that protects the wearer from harsh and ever-changing environmental conditions. That is the case for many microorganisms. In a new ...

Engineers put the 'squeeze' on human stem cells

After using optical tweezers to squeeze a tiny bead attached to the outside of a human stem cell, researchers now know how mechanical forces can trigger a key signaling pathway in the cells.

How ionic: Scaffolding is in charge of calcium carbonate crystals

Nature packs away carbon in chalk, shells and rocks made by marine organisms that crystallize calcium carbonate. Now, research suggests that the soft, organic scaffolds in which such crystals form guide crystallization by ...

Climate change threat to mussels' shells

The world's mussel population could be under threat as climate change causes oceans to become increasingly acidic, scientists have discovered.

Study gives new view on how cells control what comes in and out

A common protein plays a different role than previously thought in the opening and closing of channels that let ions flow in and out of our cells, researchers at Johns Hopkins report. Those channels are critical to life, ...

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