NASA vs. cigarettes—a numbers game

People often criticize the amount of money spent on space exploration. Sometimes it's well-meaning friends and family who say that that money is wasted, and would be better spent on solving problems here on Earth. In fact, ...

Seven case studies in carbon and climate

Every part of the mosaic of Earth's surface—ocean and land, Arctic and tropics, forest and grassland—absorbs and releases carbon in a different way. Wild-card events such as massive wildfires and drought complicate the ...

Large eyes come at a high cost

Researchers from Lund University in Sweden have shown that well-developed eyes come at a surprising cost to other organ systems. The study involving Mexican cavefish shows that the visual system can require between 5% and ...

Ocean upwelling and increasing winds

As the southern westerly winds drive the Antarctic circumpolar current around Antarctica, deep waters are forced up to the surface south of the polar front. Changes in the intensity with which this relatively warm, nutrient ...

Accounting for short-lived forcers in carbon budgets

Limiting warming to any level requires CO2 emissions to be kept to within a certain limit known as a carbon budget. Can reducing shorter-lived climate forcers influence the size of this budget? A new IIASA study published ...

Scientists make new estimates of the deep carbon cycle

Over billions of years, the total carbon content of the outer part of the Earth—in its upper mantle, crust, oceans, and atmospheres—has gradually increased, scientists reported this month in the journal Proceedings ...

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