New design improves water decontamination via plasma jet

Plasma is an ionized gas—that is, a gas containing electrons, ions, atoms, molecules, radicals, and photons. It is often called the fourth state of matter, and surprisingly, it permeates everything. Plasmas, which are artificially ...

This is the oldest black hole ever seen

There's an incredibly ancient black hole out there that's challenging astronomers to explain how it could exist only 400 million years after the Big Bang. It's at the heart of a galaxy called GN-z11. Astronomers using JWST ...

How archaea toggle the nitrogen-uptake switch to avoid overeating

By tightly regulating nitrogen uptake, microorganisms avoid overeating nitrogen and thus wasting energy. Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology now reveal how some methanogenic archaea manage to ...

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