Turbidity is an optical property of liquids that quantifies the extent to which suspended and colloidal particles scatter and absorb light, reducing its transmission and causing loss of clarity. It is a key parameter in environmental and water quality sciences, commonly measured using nephelometry and expressed in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). Turbidity integrates contributions from inorganic sediments, organic matter, microorganisms, and other particulates, affecting light penetration, photosynthetically active radiation, and associated biogeochemical processes in aquatic systems, and thus serves as an important indicator for monitoring pollution, erosion, and treatment efficacy.
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