Thermal techniques are analytical or processing methods that monitor or exploit changes in a material’s properties as a function of temperature and, in some cases, time under controlled thermal programs. They include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). These techniques quantify phenomena such as phase transitions, glass transitions, crystallization, decomposition, and thermal expansion, providing thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, stability profiles, and structure–property relationships critical for materials science, polymers, pharmaceuticals, and other temperature-sensitive systems.
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