Selenium is a trace element of significant interest in biomedical and environmental research due to its dual role as an essential micronutrient and potential toxicant. In biological systems, selenium is incorporated as selenocysteine into selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases, and iodothyronine deiodinases, which are critical for redox homeostasis, antioxidant defense, and thyroid hormone metabolism. Research topics encompass selenium’s bioavailability, speciation, metabolic pathways, and its involvement in immune function, carcinogenesis, and cardiometabolic health, as well as ecological cycling, soil-plant transfer, and risk assessment related to deficiency or excess exposure in human and animal populations.
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