Peat is an organic sedimentary substance composed predominantly of partially decomposed plant material that accumulates under waterlogged, anoxic, and typically acidic conditions, most commonly in peatlands and bogs. It is characterized by high moisture content, low bulk density, high porosity, and significant carbon storage in the form of lignocellulosic macromolecules and humic substances. Peat’s chemical composition and degree of humification vary with botanical origin, hydrology, and decomposition stage, influencing its cation-exchange capacity, thermal properties, and behavior as a carbon reservoir, soil amendment, or precursor to coal in geological coalification processes.
Peatlands store large amounts of carbon. However, when they are drained, they can become substantial sources of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Earth Sciences
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Environment
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